REVOLUTION 1968 IN THE USA.
We associate the year 1968 with the invasion of The Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia, the March eventsin Poland and student speeches in Paris. So it was a year that was eventful. We will take
At that time, Prof. Brzezinski returned to Columbia University and began preparations for the
summer semester. However, the situation in the USA was tense. Involvement in the Vietnam War caused increasingly
violent protests, especially among young people. There were clashes with the police all over the country. The
sexual revolution was spilling over Into America. Young people followed the slogan "Make love, not war". Student
appearances also took place at universities. In April 1968, there was a riot at
Columbia University. The students occupied several university buildings and took three university officials
hostage.
The occupation of buildings, including the library, began. The students also made political demands. The campus was closed.
Young people demolished the offices of officials and professors (they smoked cigars and drank alcohol, stole university documents
, dealt with baskets and desks, etc.). Red flags were hung on the buildings and it was announced that
the campus was turning into a commune. "Revolutionaries" began to publish a brochure "What to do?" (title taken from
Lenin) and hung posters of Che Guevara everywhere. There were also inscriptions: "Lenin won, Fidel won, we will
win!". After a few days, the police entered the university and broke up the student commune. Classes in
the summer semester, however, were canceled.
Most of the students supported the "revolution", but there were also those who cut themselves off from it. The latter were supported by
Prof. Brzezinski. He believed that it was tolerance and patience towards radical student movements that led to
the outbreak of riots. According to the professor, it was necessary to react sharply and firmly at the first signs of
radicalism. He also accused the university authorities of cowardice and running away from responsibility. He argued that
student revolutionaries should be punished with expulsion from the university. Brzezinski also noted that most
of the "communist fighters" came from wealthy middle-class homes. At the forefront
of the student protests at Columbia University was Mark Rudd, a 20-year-old "advocate of the total revolution." It was he
who terrorized the rector of the university by quoting the Black Panthers: "Against the wall sk...... u, it's a seizure!"
In fact, there was no revolutionary out of him. During one of the demonstrations, his mother
got to Rudd on stage, who delivered him dinner: "Mark is used to eating broth," she explained. This is more or less what
the student revolutionaries looked like in the U.S. anno domini 1968. Interestingly, Mark Rudd came from
New Jersey, and his father – Rudnicki, emigrated from Polish before the war. One of the leaders of the "1968 revolution"
in New York had Polish roots... 😊
Based on: P. Vaughan, Zbigniew Brzeziński, Świat Książki, Warsaw 2010
Protests in the USA 1968
The wave of protest movements that spread in the United States in the second half of the 60s and whose
apogee fell on 1968 was part of the global phenomenon of protests, mostly in
the circles of academic youth. This wave had many elements in common with protests in other
countries, e.g. demonstrations against the Vietnam War, fascination with left-wing ideologies, but there were
also phenomena characteristic only for the United States, e.g. the struggle for the emancipation of the black
population. In the U.S., these protests were also more embedded in current politics due to the ongoing
Vietnam War and the 1968 presidential election.
The Pacific – a symbol first used in the UK in 1958, in the 60s taken over by the hippie and
anti-war movement in the USA
In 1968, us involvement in the Vietnam War reached its peak. U.S. forces in the
country had more than half a million troops this year, but they could not stop the increasingly fiercely
fighting Vietcong guerrillas and the North Vietnamese army. On January 30, 1968, communist forces launched the Tết Offensive, which, although unsuccessful for the Vietcong
, further
intensified anti-war movements. These demonstrations began as early as 1965 with student and
teach-ins protests against the bombing of North Vietnam. In 1967,
the National Mobilisation to End the War in
Vietnam (Mobe) organized a protest march on the Pentagon. Young people publicly burned conscription cards
, and it was common to flee to Canada to avoid conscription. All
this caused that after the Tết offensive, President Lyndon Johnson made a behind-the-scenes decision to gradually
withdraw from Vietnam and start peace negotiations from Hanoi, although the final withdrawal
of American forces took place only after five years.
Student movements
The main role in the protests against the Vietnam War and for civil society was played by students more or less formally associated
in various groups from the circle of the so-called New Left.
The main organization here was Students for a Democratic Society (
SDS). Founded in 1960, the organization formulated its program in the "Ten Commandments" in Port
Huron, Michigan in 1962 (Port Huron Statement). The SDS initially rejected Marxism and the system
prevailing in the countries of real socialism, promoting a "revolution" among the middle class. As the social situation in the U.S. worsened
and as a result of the protracted Vietnam War, the SDS became
increasingly radicalized and finally declared itself a revolutionary organization in 1968. The student revolt began with the
occupation of five major university buildings at Columbia University in New York City and a battle in
the academic neighborhood of Morningside Heights. These riots were suppressed by the New York police,
but contributed to the increase in the popularity of their organizer Mark Rudd (local leader of the SDS), who
became one of the main activists of the organization, further radicalizing it. Finally, in
the summer of 1969, at a convention in Chicago, most of the members left the SDS and founded the radical left-wing organization
"Weatherman" operating underground.
Many of the
students working in the SDS and other organizations belonged to the hippie movement, which
formed in the mid-60s. Some of the first hippie communes were in Haight-Ashbury,
a neighborhood across the bay in San Francisco and the East Village of New York City. The "Summer of Love" of 1967 in San Francisco contributed to the propagation of the movement's
ideology, attracting thousands of young people from all over the
United States. Hippies have become very popular in universities and among artists. Two
representatives of the hippie community – Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffmann – formed
the Youth International Organization on January 1, 1968. Its members, nicknamed "yippies,"
organized demonstrations and mocking happenings, the most famous of which was the scattering
of dollar bills on the New York Stock Exchange in 1968
Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffmann
The fight for the liberation of the black population - Martin Luther King
The fight for equality of the black population in the southern states has been going on since the 50s. In 1955,
Rosa Parks boycotted buses in Montgomery. In 1957, the co-organizers of the boycott and
Martin Luther King formed the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference (SCLC), the best-known and most effective organization fighting for the rights
of African Americans and the abolition of racist regulations in the South (the so-called Jim Crow laws). This organization
, which applied the principle of civil disobedience and non-violence even in the
face of direct aggression by members of the Ku Klux Klan, was gaining increasing popularity even among the white middle class
, and its charismatic leader Martin Luther King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
However, the SCLC's actions were also criticized by many radical circles of the black population, followers of
the "black power" ideology, preferring a more active fight for equality,
sometimes taking terrorist forms. Their most famous representatives were Malcolm X and the Black Panther movement
.
One of King's last actions to strengthen the weakening SCLC was initiated in 1967. The
Poor People's Campaign, which wanted to interest the federal authorities in
the problems of the (not only the colored) poor, planning another (the second after the march of 1963) march on Washington.
Shortly before the march on April 4, 1968. King was killed in Memphis by the bullet of an assassin, J. E. Ray, a white
convict, possibly hired by racist groups. This killing sparked a massive wave of black
riots across the United States, during which shops were burned and looted and
whites attacked.
Actions organized by the SCLC and other civil society organizations of the African-American population were only
a partial success. In mid-1968, the so-called second reconstruction took place, during which the last legal regulations discriminating against blacks were
abolished. However, this did not mean an improvement in the economic situation of this population, mostly living in ghettos, whose general situation has not changed to this
day.
The feminist movement of the 60s was also the beginning of modern feminism, in which the publication of Betty Friedan's book The
Feminine Mystique in 1963 played a major role. Feminists were mainly recruited from the ranks of
the SDS and SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee,
an organization founded in North Carolina
in 1960 to
abolish racial segregation).
The most well-known feminist organizations
founded in 1960
are Radical Women, The Feminists and
WITCH. They tried to
disrupt the Miss America pageant in Atlantic
City, protested against
the exploitation of women. Feminism
has been linked to the fight against racism,
pointing to the harsh living
conditions of black working women,
who are the lowest in the U.S. social hierarchy
.
Betty Friedan
The 1968
presidential election the protests and riots took place in the shadow of the election campaign and the presidential election.
Dissatisfaction with President Lyndon Johnson's policies and opposition to the Vietnam War caused
students to support candidates promising a quick withdrawal from Vietnam — Eugene
McCarthy and the younger brother of assassinated President John F. Kennedy — Robert Kennedy
(both and Johnson, of the Democratic Party). Fearing defeat, Johnson announced that he would
not run again. On June 6, 1968, Robert Kennedy, a supporter of Israel, was shot dead in Pasadena by a Palestinian assassin after winning the
California primary. The Democratic National Convention
held in Chicago on August 28, 1968, became the scene of violent demonstrations
by opponents of the government, brutally suppressed by the police and the National Guard. In the end, Hubert Humphrey became the
Democratic nominee and Richard Nixon became the Republican nominee. Both candidates were met with
an unfavorable attitude of the contesting left. Nixon was remembered for being on McCarthy's Commission to Investigate
Anti-American Activities in the '50s, Humphrey was the incumbent vice president, and
feared he would continue Johnson's policies. In the end, Nixon won.
Sex, drugs and rock'an'roll - '68 in the USA. Anti-war demonstration Sex, drugs & rock'an'roll - this is the slogan that
inherently accompanies the 60s in the USA. Hippies, demonstrations against the Vietnam War, free love,
drugs - these are inseparable elements of the mythology of this decade. A smiling, long-haired hippie with a slightly absent look and a
flower in his hand versus a soldier with a rifle and a Martian face - this is one of the photos-symbols of 1968
. Peaceful, liberated children's flowers, often under the influence of "mind-wavering" drugs (mainly LSD,
marijuana or hashish), are only part of the truth about this hot year. Violence, battles with the police, bombs planted under government buildings
- this is the other side of the coin. Children flowers vs. soldiers Politics and war The year
1968 in the USA began like a Hichcock movie - with an earthquake. Actually, a few earthquakes. Two
political assassinations in a matter of months — Civil Rights movement icon Martin Luther King
and JFK's younger brother, Robert Kennedy — caused chaos. After the death of Pastor King, Negro ghettos caught fire in the cities
, and the National Guard was engaged to suppress the riots. Americans' faith was
rapidly melting not only in victory, but in the sense of the Vietnam War in general. Student anti-war
demonstrations swept across the country. The slogan "Make love, no war" gained more and more supporters.
Burning mobilization cards was a popular method of the Commune's protest in Columbia In April, young people took power – admittedly only for a week, and only at New York's Columbia University, but this
event became a watershed
moment of the American '68. The occupation of Columbia began with a demonstration that
got out of the organizers' control. The students occupied five university buildings, each forming a
commune. "Carnival" lasted a week. After the failure of negotiations with the rector - whose unbending attitude was by
no means toned down by the photos of students extinguishing the rector's cigars on his own
mahogany desk appearing in the press - the police stepped in. There was a regular battle, many people were wounded, and
more than six hundred were arrested. The second key moment of the American rebellion was
the August Democratic convention in Chicago. Young rebels went there to
protest against the nomination of a candidate who intended to continue the vietnam war. The protest was planned a few
months earlier and several thousand young people appeared at the convention. Woodstock - sex, drugs & rock'en'roll
Protesters located in Lincoln Park and held the "Festival of Life" - a big outdoor event with
concerts, workshops, marches and wholesale quantities of drugs. The city could not prohibit young
people from being in a public park during the day, but could throw them out after an hour of closure.
Punctually at eleven o'clock in the evening, law and order forces attacked the demonstrators. A
regular battle ensued, the beaten and wounded were difficult to count. The police not only beat protesters in the park – journalists
and random passers-by (among them m.in Hugh Hefner, the creator of "Playboy"). America
watched the events in Chicago on television - it was the number one topic in news services, more important
than the parallel intervention of Warsaw Pact troops in Czechoslovakia. The public was horrified,
not so much by police brutality as by the scale of events and anarchy, for which it blamed the protesters. A cheerful bus full of hippies
and (most likely) stimulants America finally wanted peace, order and order – and these
sentiments led to the victory of Republican Richard Nixon in the presidential election. Katarzyna
Wężyk Source: tvn24.pl
Children flowers versus soldiers
(http://www.tvn24.pl) Burning mobilization cards was a popular method of protest.
Yuri Bezmenov (; Юрий Александрович Безменов, also known as Tomas David Schuman and
Yuri Makeyev, rus. Юрий Александрович Макеев (1939 in Mytishchi – 7 January 1993 in Windsor[1]) was
a Soviet secret collaborator working under the cover of a journalist on behalf of the First Board of
the Main Committee of State Security, who fled to North America in 1970.
He gave the U.S. a lot of valuable information about the activities of the Soviet Union and then Russia in
the field of disinformation, ideological upheaval and techniques used to take control of
another country. He described his experiences in the text entitled Love Letter to America
This lecture by Bezmenov (Schuman) was given in Los Angeles in 1983. A year later, Bezmenov
gave an interview in which he said: The reason will simply be the psychological shock they will experience when
in the future they see what a "wonderful" society based on social
justice and equality looks like in practice. The reaction, of course, will be outrage and frustration. The Marxist-Leninist regime does not tolerate such
people, and naturally they will be counted among the dissidents. Unlike today, there will be no place for dissidents in the future
Marxist-Leninist United States. For now, in the U.S.
, a dissident, or a man who criticizes the Pentagon, may be popular, like Daniel Elsberg, or a disgustingly rich man,
like Jane Fonda. In the future regime, such people would be crushed like a beetle, and no one would have the intention of
paying them for their noble ideas of universal equality. They don't understand it, and knowing this truth would obviously be a great shock to
them. The process of demoralization taking place in the United States has basically
already been successful. Looking at the last 25 years, it can be said that the success exceeded
expectations, because demoralization covered spheres that Comrade
Andropov and his experts had not even dreamed of before. Most of this work was done by the Americans themselves for the Americans, and this
was due to a lack of moral standards. I mentioned earlier, access to information no longer
means anything, because a demoralized person will not be able to appreciate it and will cease
to attach importance to facts. Even if she were flooded with a stream of confirmed information,
documents, paintings, or if she was forcibly taken to the USSR, where her extermination camps were shown, she would not
be able to believe. Until the moment when someone kicked her in the fat ass, but not before - this is the tragedy of the
situation of demoralized people.
https://libertarianizm.net/threads/jak-napasc-na-panstwo-jurij-bezmienow.3706/
Legacy of revolution in the USA.
As in Western Europe, the protests and protest movement of the 60s, associated mainly with the year 1968,
led to a deep ploughing of structures and social consciousness. Since the 70s, in many circles,
especially in universities and large cities, the spirit of leftism has been clearly visible, in the USA referred to
as liberalism. In the 60s, one should look for the beginnings of many contemporary social phenomena, such as
feminism, political correctness, sometimes unambiguously negative ones such as moral permissiveness or
the flourishing of drug addiction. On the other hand, many areas of the United States remained virtually
untouched by the events of 1968. In small towns and in the Mid-West, people
still had and do have very similar values as before. The religious right in the U.S. has maintained its strong
position. The spirit of leftism has not touched the economy at all, which is still guided by free-market rules, and the
managers of large corporations are often now contesting students from the 60s. Also in politics since 1968
, both liberal leaders (such as Bill Clinton, from the generation of '68) and
very conservative (Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush) have ruled.wiki
E3.374.To third will be interrupted by Armageddon, which will first hit, and mortally,
allied Europe (first Jehoram was shot and killed), and then America, which will resist the attack longer, but will eventually surrender after suffering serious wounds (it took a
long time for
Ahasias to escape, capture, flee, wound and die).
E3.387. The conservative world of labor will directly accuse the antitypical Yehoram and Ahasias of collaborating in these evil deeds. Just as
Jehu's response terrified Jehoram and prompted him to flee, during
which he accused Jehu of treason from Ahasiah, so the response of the conservative world of labor will terrify allied Europe, which will try to avoid being attacked by the conservative world of labor and, in
the meantime, accuse the conservative world of labor against autocratic America of treason. Jehoram's
killing by Jehu represents the destruction in Armageddon of allied Europe by the conservative world of labor.
Stretched during Ahasias' escape (about 56 km in total), hiding in Samaria, capture, escape,
wounding, and death (vv. 27:28; 2 Chron. 22:9) represent the
same result for autocratic America. The only difference is that resisting Armageddon in America will take much
longer, which will be the result of the more patriotic support that Americans will give to their government than the support that Europeans will give to their governments. Armageddon in the synopsis is shown in
type in attacks on both kings and in their deaths. Many of his details are depicted in the type in
2 Kings. 9:30-10:28. We hope to present them to the Church in due course.
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